Sublist Search
S
/**
* @file
* @brief Implementation of the [Sublist Search
* Algorithm](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sublist-search-search-a-linked-list-in-another-list)
* @details
*
* ### Algorithm
*
* * Sublist search is used to detect a presence of one list in another list.
* * Suppose we have a single-node list (let's say the first list), and we
* want to ensure that the list is present in another list (let's say the
* second list), then we can perform the sublist search to find it.
*
* * For instance, the first list contains these elements: 23 -> 30 -> 41,
* and the second list contains these elements: 10 -> 15 -> 23 -> 30 -> 41
* -> 49. At a glance, we see that the first list presents in the second list.
*
* ### Working
*
* * The sublist search algorithm works by comparing the first element
* of the first list with the first element of the second list.
* * If the two values don't match, it goes to the next element of the
* second list. It does this until the two values match.
*
* @author [Nitin Sharma](https://github.com/foo290)
*/
#include <cassert> /// for assert
#include <cstdint>
#include <iostream> /// for IO operations
#include <vector> /// for std::vector
/**
* @namespace search
* @brief Searching algorithms
*/
namespace search {
/**
* @namespace sublist_search
* @brief Functions for the [Sublist
* Search](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sublist-search-search-a-linked-list-in-another-list)
* implementation
*/
namespace sublist_search {
/**
* @brief A Node structure representing a single link Node in a linked list
*/
struct Node {
uint32_t data = 0; ///< the key/value of the node
Node *next{}; ///< pointer to the next node
};
/**
* @brief A simple function to print the linked list
* @param start The head of the linked list
* @returns void
*/
void printLinkedList(Node *start) {
while (start != nullptr) {
std::cout << "->" << start->data;
start = start->next;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
/**
* @brief Give a vector of data,
* it adds each element of vector in the linked list and return the address of
* head pointer.
* @param data A vector of "int" containing the data that is supposed to be
* stored in nodes of linked list.
* @returns Node* A head pointer to the linked list.
*/
Node *makeLinkedList(const std::vector<uint64_t> &data) {
/// This is used in test cases for rapidly creating linked list with 100+
/// elements, instead of hard-coding 100 elements in test cases.
Node *head = nullptr;
Node *tail = nullptr;
for (int i : data) {
Node *node = new Node;
node->data = i;
node->next = nullptr;
if (head == nullptr) {
head = node;
tail = node;
} else {
tail->next = node;
tail = tail->next;
}
}
return head;
}
/*
* @brief This function dealocates memory related to the given list
* It recursively deletes all of the nodes of the input list.
* @param room the root/head of the input list
* @warning Plese note that the memory for each node has to be alocated using
* new.
*/
void deleteList(Node *const root) {
if (root != NULL) {
deleteList(root->next);
delete root;
}
}
/**
* @brief Main searching function
* @param sublist A linked list which is supposed to be searched in mainList.
* @param mainList A linked list in which sublist will be searched.
* @returns true if the sublist is found
* @returns false if the sublist is NOT found
*/
bool sublistSearch(Node *sublist, Node *mainList) {
if (sublist == nullptr || mainList == nullptr) {
return false;
}
/// Initialize target pointer to the head node of sublist.
Node *target_ptr = sublist;
while (mainList != nullptr) {
/// Initialize main pointer to the current node of main list.
Node *main_ptr = mainList;
while (target_ptr != nullptr) {
if (main_ptr == nullptr) {
return false;
} else if (main_ptr->data == target_ptr->data) {
/// If the data of target node and main node is equal then move
/// to the next node of both lists.
target_ptr = target_ptr->next;
main_ptr = main_ptr->next;
} else {
break;
}
}
if (target_ptr == nullptr) {
/// Is target pointer becomes null that means the target list is
/// been traversed without returning false. Which means the sublist
/// has been found and return ture.
return true;
}
/// set the target pointer again to stating point of target list.
target_ptr = sublist;
/// set the main pointer to the next element of the main list and repeat
/// the algo.
mainList = mainList->next;
}
/// If the main list is exhausted, means sublist does not found, return
/// false
return false;
}
} // namespace sublist_search
} // namespace search
/**
* @brief class encapsulating the necessary test cases
*/
class TestCases {
private:
/**
* @brief A function to print given message on console.
* @tparam T Type of the given message.
* @returns void
* */
template <typename T>
void log(T msg) {
// It's just to avoid writing cout and endl
std::cout << "[TESTS] : ---> " << msg << std::endl;
}
public:
/**
* @brief Executes test cases
* @returns void
* */
void runTests() {
log("Running Tests...");
testCase_1();
testCase_2();
testCase_3();
log("Test Cases over!");
std::cout << std::endl;
}
/**
* @brief A test case contains edge case, Only contains one element.
* @returns void
* */
void testCase_1() {
const bool expectedOutput = true; ///< Expected output of this test
log("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
"~");
log("This is test case 1 for sublist search Algorithm : ");
log("Description:");
log(" EDGE CASE : Only contains one element");
std::vector<uint64_t> sublistData = {
6}; ///< Data to make linked list which will be the sublist
std::vector<uint64_t> mainlistData = {
2, 5, 6, 7,
8}; ///< Data to make linked list which will be the main list
search::sublist_search::Node *sublistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(
sublistData); ///< Sublist to be searched
search::sublist_search::Node *mainlistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(
mainlistData); ///< Main list in which sublist is to be
///< searched
bool exists = search::sublist_search::sublistSearch(
sublistLL, mainlistLL); ///< boolean, if sublist exist or not
log("Checking assert expression...");
assert(exists == expectedOutput);
log("Assertion check passed!");
log("[PASS] : TEST CASE 1 PASS!");
log("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
"~");
deleteList(mainlistLL);
deleteList(sublistLL);
}
/**
* @brief A test case which contains main list of 100 elements and sublist
* of 20.
* @returns void
* */
void testCase_2() {
const bool expectedOutput = true; /// Expected output of this test
log("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
"~");
log("This is test case 2 for sublist search Algorithm : ");
log("Description:");
log(" contains main list of 100 elements and sublist of 20");
std::vector<uint64_t> sublistData(
20); ///< Data to make linked list which will be the sublist
std::vector<uint64_t> mainlistData(
100); ///< Main list in which sublist is to be searched
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
/// Inserts 100 elements in main list
mainlistData[i] = i + 1;
}
int temp = 0;
for (int i = 45; i < 65; i++) {
/// Inserts 20 elements in sublist
sublistData[temp] = i + 1;
temp++;
}
search::sublist_search::Node *sublistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(
sublistData); ///< Sublist to be searched
search::sublist_search::Node *mainlistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(
mainlistData); ///< Main list in which sublist is to be
///< searched
bool exists = search::sublist_search::sublistSearch(
sublistLL, mainlistLL); ///< boolean, if sublist exist or not
log("Checking assert expression...");
assert(exists == expectedOutput);
log("Assertion check passed!");
log("[PASS] : TEST CASE 2 PASS!");
log("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
"~");
deleteList(mainlistLL);
deleteList(sublistLL);
}
/**
* @brief A test case which contains main list of 50 elements and sublist
* of 20.
* @returns void
* */
void testCase_3() {
const bool expectedOutput = false; ///< Expected output of this test
log("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
"~");
log("This is test case 3 for sublist search Algorithm : ");
log("Description:");
log(" contains main list of 50 elements and sublist of 20");
std::vector<uint64_t> sublistData(20); ///< Sublist to be searched
std::vector<uint64_t> mainlistData(
50); ///< Main list in which sublist is to be searched
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
/// Inserts 100 elements in main list
mainlistData.push_back(i + 1);
}
for (int i = 45; i < 65; i++) {
/// Inserts 20 elements in sublist
sublistData.push_back(i + 1);
}
search::sublist_search::Node *sublistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(
sublistData); ///< Sublist to be searched
search::sublist_search::Node *mainlistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(
mainlistData); ///< Main list in which sublist is to be
///< searched
bool exists = search::sublist_search::sublistSearch(
sublistLL, mainlistLL); ///< boolean, if sublist exist or not
log("Checking assert expression...");
assert(exists == expectedOutput);
log("Assertion check passed!");
log("[PASS] : TEST CASE 3 PASS!");
log("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
"~");
deleteList(mainlistLL);
deleteList(sublistLL);
}
};
/**
* @brief Self-test implementations
* @returns void
*/
static void test() {
TestCases tc;
tc.runTests();
}
/**
* @brief Main function
* @param argc commandline argument count (ignored)
* @param argv commandline array of arguments (ignored)
* @returns 0 on exit
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
test(); // run self-test implementations
std::vector<uint64_t> mainlistData = {
2, 5, 6, 7, 8}; ///< Main list in which sublist is to be searched
std::vector<uint64_t> sublistData = {6, 8}; ///< Sublist to be searched
search::sublist_search::Node *mainlistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(mainlistData);
search::sublist_search::Node *sublistLL =
search::sublist_search::makeLinkedList(
sublistData); ///< Main list in which sublist is to be
///< searched
bool exists = search::sublist_search::sublistSearch(
sublistLL,
mainlistLL); ///< boolean to check if the sublist exists or not
std::cout << "Sublist: " << std::endl;
search::sublist_search::printLinkedList(sublistLL);
std::cout << "Main list: " << std::endl;
search::sublist_search::printLinkedList(mainlistLL);
std::cout << std::endl;
if (exists) {
std::cout << "[TRUE] - sublist found in main list\n";
} else {
std::cout << "[FALSE] - sublist NOT found in main list\n";
}
deleteList(mainlistLL);
deleteList(sublistLL);
return 0;
}
