/**
* @file
* @brief C++ program for maximum contiguous circular sum problem using [Kadane's Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_subarray_problem)
* @details
* The idea is to modify Kadane’s algorithm to find a minimum contiguous subarray sum and the maximum contiguous subarray sum,
* then check for the maximum value between the max_value and the value left after subtracting min_value from the total sum.
* For more information, check [Geeks For Geeks](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/maximum-contiguous-circular-sum/) explanation page.
*/

#include <cassert>     /// for assert
#include <iostream>   /// for IO operations
#include <vector>     /// for std::vector


/**
 * @namespace dynamic_programming
 * @brief Dynamic Programming algorithms
 */
namespace dynamic_programming {
/**
 * @brief returns the maximum contiguous circular sum of an array
 * 
 * @param arr is the array/vector
 * @return int which is the maximum sum
 */
int maxCircularSum(std::vector<int>& arr)
{
    // Edge Case
    if (arr.size() == 1)
        return arr[0];
  
    // Sum variable which stores total sum of the array.
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
        sum += arr[i];
    }
  
    // Every variable stores first value of the array.
    int current_max = arr[0], max_so_far = arr[0], current_min = arr[0], min_so_far = arr[0];
  
    // Concept of Kadane's Algorithm
    for (int i = 1; i < arr.size(); i++) {
        // Kadane's Algorithm to find Maximum subarray sum.
        current_max = std::max(current_max + arr[i], arr[i]);
        max_so_far = std::max(max_so_far, current_max);
  
        // Kadane's Algorithm to find Minimum subarray sum.
        current_min = std::min(current_min + arr[i], arr[i]);
        min_so_far = std::min(min_so_far, current_min);
    }
  
    if (min_so_far == sum)
        return max_so_far;
  
    // Return the maximum value
    return std::max(max_so_far, sum - min_so_far);
}
}  // namespace dynamic_programming

/**
 * @brief Self-test implementation
 * @returns void
 */
static void test() {
    // Description of the test
    // Input: arr[] = {8, -8, 9, -9, 10, -11, 12}
    // Output: 22 
    // Explanation: Subarray 12, 8, -8, 9, -9, 10 gives the maximum sum, that is 22.

    int n = 7; // size of the array
    std::vector<int> arr = {8, -8, 9, -9, 10, -11, 12}; 
    assert(dynamic_programming::maxCircularSum(arr) == 22); // this ensures that the algorithm works as expected

    arr = {8, -8, 10, -9, 10, -11, 12};
    assert(dynamic_programming::maxCircularSum(arr) == 23);

    std::cout << "All tests have successfully passed!\n";
}


/**
 * @brief Main function
 * @param argc commandline argument count (ignored)
 * @param argv commandline array of arguments (ignored)
 * @returns 0 on exit
 */
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     test();  // run self-test implementations
     return 0;
}