package com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public final class WelshPowell {
private static final int BLANK_COLOR = -1;
private WelshPowell() {
}
static final class Graph {
private HashSet<Integer>[] adjacencyLists;
private Graph(int vertices) {
if (vertices < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Number of vertices cannot be negative");
}
adjacencyLists = new HashSet[vertices];
Arrays.setAll(adjacencyLists, i -> new HashSet<>());
}
private void addEdge(int nodeA, int nodeB) {
validateVertex(nodeA);
validateVertex(nodeB);
if (nodeA == nodeB) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Self-loops are not allowed");
}
adjacencyLists[nodeA].add(nodeB);
adjacencyLists[nodeB].add(nodeA);
}
private void validateVertex(int vertex) {
if (vertex < 0 || vertex >= getNumVertices()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Vertex " + vertex + " is out of bounds");
}
}
HashSet<Integer> getAdjacencyList(int vertex) {
return adjacencyLists[vertex];
}
int getNumVertices() {
return adjacencyLists.length;
}
}
public static Graph makeGraph(int numberOfVertices, int[][] listOfEdges) {
Graph graph = new Graph(numberOfVertices);
for (int[] edge : listOfEdges) {
if (edge.length != 2) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Edge array must have exactly two elements");
}
graph.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
}
return graph;
}
public static int[] findColoring(Graph graph) {
int[] colors = initializeColors(graph.getNumVertices());
Integer[] sortedVertices = getSortedNodes(graph);
for (int vertex : sortedVertices) {
if (isBlank(colors[vertex])) {
boolean[] usedColors = computeUsedColors(graph, vertex, colors);
final var newColor = firstUnusedColor(usedColors);
colors[vertex] = newColor;
Arrays.stream(sortedVertices).forEach(otherVertex -> {
if (isBlank(colors[otherVertex]) && !isAdjacentToColored(graph, otherVertex, colors)) {
colors[otherVertex] = newColor;
}
});
}
}
return colors;
}
private static boolean isBlank(int color) {
return color == BLANK_COLOR;
}
private static boolean isAdjacentToColored(Graph graph, int vertex, int[] colors) {
return graph.getAdjacencyList(vertex).stream().anyMatch(otherVertex -> !isBlank(colors[otherVertex]));
}
private static int[] initializeColors(int numberOfVertices) {
int[] colors = new int[numberOfVertices];
Arrays.fill(colors, BLANK_COLOR);
return colors;
}
private static Integer[] getSortedNodes(final Graph graph) {
return IntStream.range(0, graph.getNumVertices()).boxed().sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(v -> - graph.getAdjacencyList(v).size())).toArray(Integer[] ::new);
}
private static boolean[] computeUsedColors(final Graph graph, final int vertex, final int[] colors) {
boolean[] usedColors = new boolean[graph.getNumVertices()];
graph.getAdjacencyList(vertex).stream().map(neighbor -> colors[neighbor]).filter(color -> !isBlank(color)).forEach(color -> usedColors[color] = true);
return usedColors;
}
private static int firstUnusedColor(boolean[] usedColors) {
return IntStream.range(0, usedColors.length).filter(color -> !usedColors[color]).findFirst().getAsInt();
}
}